The History Of Hip Hop Music Essay

The History Of Hip Hop Music Essay Rap as we know it today was originated in the 70s, but the earliest known recited rhyme was performed by the famous boxing champion Muhammad Ali just before his bout with Sonny Liston in which he says: Clay comes out to meet Liston And Liston starts to retreat If Liston goes back any further Hell end up in a ringside seat. Clay swings with a left, Clay swings with a right, Look at young Cassius Carry the fight. Liston keeps backing But theres not enough room Its a matter of time. There, Clay lowers the boom. Now Clay swings with a right, What a beautiful swing, And the punch raises the bear, Clear out of the ring. Liston is still rising And the ref wears a frown, For he cant start counting, Till Sonny comes down Now Liston disappears from view. The crowd is getting frantic, But our radar stations have picked him up Hes somewhere over the Atlantic. Who would have thought? When they came to the fight That theyd witness the launching Of a human satellite Yes, the crowd did not dream When they laid down their money That they would see A total eclipse of the Sonny I am the greatest! (Hip-Hop Timeline, N.D) Todays Rap, or Hip-Hop, was brought into the U.S by a group of Jamaican immigrants in the 70s. One of the Jamaicans, Clive Campbell, A.K.A Kool Herc began, making instrumentals out of two turntables. While another man from the Bronx, Theodore Livingstone, A.K.A Grand Wizard, accidentally discovered the scratching sound of the turntable. Rap was created as an inter-cultural phenomenon of New Yorks poorer sections (Harlem, Soho, Greenwich Village, Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn). Rap became an evolved form of Jamaican dub music which is an instrumental subgenre of reggae music. The rapper would record his voice over a pre-recorded base of percussions, bass and horns (Scaruffi, 2004). The predecessors of rap were disc-jockeys, or spinners, (A.K.A. Djs) who would comment on the song and try to excite people to dance; the deejays became cult figures. Later on, the Bronx was divided into three main parts of influence: Bambaata in the southeast, Hercules in the west, and Grandmaster Flash in the center. They also corresponded to the aspects of different crews. Another part of hip-hop, although not a lyrical one, was graffiti or tagging. Tagging started in Philadelphia sometime in the 1960s, pioneered by such legendary figures as Cornbread and Cool Earl (who may or may not have existed) (Scaruffi, 2004). Soon after, a particular form of graffiti began to appear on the New York subway train Scarfutti P says: the following year the New York Times claimed to have interviewed the tagger, a teenager only known as Taki 183 (also may not have existed). It is unknown whether these graffiti writers really existed because other people began to use the same names to write graffiti around the city (Scaruffi, 2004). The first rap records made were done by the Sugar Hill Gang, who released the song Rappers Delight in 1979 (the song became the first know rap song on Billboard), Kurtis Blow Walker, who wrote the songs, Christmas Rapping and The Breaks, as well as, having the first rap album to go gold. Grandmaster Flash (Joseph Saddler), Melle Mel (Melvin Glover), Kidd Creole (Nathaniel Glover), Cowboy (Keith Wiggins), Raheim (Guy Williams), and Mr. Ness (Eddie Morris) were the third of the early top artist to record songs under the name, Grand Master Flash and the Furious Five. Rap music began to become more popular and led to the first rap radio show called, Mr. Magics Rap Attack, on WHBI. Then 1981, Grandmaster Flashs album, The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel, became the first album to showcase the use of turntables to make music. Two years later, rappers began to put political messages in their songs, as Kurtis Blow did in the song, The Breaks, and Grand Master Flash had done with The Message. Both songs talked about inner-city poverty instead of just party themes (Scaruffi, 2004 Timeline Help, N.D). It was at this time that rap music began to move outside the park or block party format and saw performers begin to put more thought into their lyrics as they created routines and choruses and catchy phrases. As raps popularity begins to grow and spread from New York to the rest of the country two entrepreneurs, Russell Simmons and Rick Ruben, start a record company out of the dorm room of Rick Ruben who was attending college at the time. The record label, Def Jam Records, became one of the most important record labels ever. Although Russell Simmons was the brother of rapper Run, from the group Run-DMC, he did not have the group on his label in the early years. The label did release T La Rock Its Yours and then followed that with another artist who is still recording to this day, LL Cool J, who recorded I Need A Beat. Other artists began to create songs and the battle rap style (still popular today) began to take the spotlight as the group UTFOs put out a diss song called, Roxanne Roxanne. It was during this time that rap began to combine with other styles of music and moved away from using simple beats made with drum machines. One the biggest and most successful example of this was Run-D MC whose music allowed them to become the first rap act to get airplay on MTV and radio stations throughout the country. Run-DMC put out the first collaboration between rock and rap music and achieved success using this style in their albums: Run-DMC (1984), King of Rock (1985) and Raising Hell (1986). Their hits had a heavy mix of hard-rock guitar riffs and hip hop beats. LL Cool J introduced a softer side to raps hard edge as he recorded the song I Need Love which would become a major part of his appeal and formula for future music. As rap continued to grow in popularity, different forms emerged ranging from political rap (Public Enemy, KRS-ONE) to comedic (Fat Boys, Slick Rick) to the later, more edgy forms of gangster rap made introduced by artists from the West Coast. Rap was able to cross racial lines also as white artists, such as, the Beastie Boys released their first album, License to Ill, in 1987, which mixed punk rock and hip-hop and became a top selling group in the history of rap music. Other artist focused on developing strong wordplay skills, using metaphors and similes to separate themselves from other artists of the time. These artists, such as, Kool Moe Dee, Rakim and KRS-ONE helped to elevate the art form while also promoting the development of intellectual thoughts in the music. Boogie Down Productions releases Criminal Minded and following the release KRS-ONEs DJ Scott LaRock is shot and killed trying to settle and argument. Public Enemy stuns the world when they drop Yo Bum Rush The Show which signals the beginning of politically motivated Hip-Hop. During this time Rick Rubin leaves Def Jam and founds Def America. (Adaso, N.D). Kool Moe Dee Battles LL Cool J begins with Moe Dees How You Like Me Now LLs response to this was Jack the Ripper the feud would continue until Moe Dee tries to battle LL at a St Louis concert and LL refuses so Moe Dee broke down his name to diss him and then slammed the mic down in victory (Hip-Hop Timeline, N.D). After a long battle with crack-addiction Cowboy from Grandmasters Furious Five dies at age 28. Dr.Dres protà ©gà © D.O.C releases No One Can Do It Better D.O.C ends up in a terrible accident and although he survives his career however didnt. NWAs Niggaz for life album reaches #1 on pop charts and sells almost a million copies in its first week. Then Nas Illmatic album goes gold is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest albums in Hip-Hop history. The same year Warren Gs Regulate: The G-Funk Era Goes 4x platinum. Soon artists started to want a boycott against gangsta-rap artists like Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy Dog and 2Pac because of their violent lyrics (Adaso, N.D). 2 Pac is robbed and shot 5 times in a New York studio. After he recovers Pac is then sentenced to 8 months in prison. 2 Pacs death row career takes off after prison Adaso, H says 2 Pac signs a deal with Death Row Records after Suge Knight posts a $1.4 million bail. On September 7th, Tupac Shakur is murdered after being shot multiple times as he rode in a car driven by Ceo of Death Row Records Marion Suge Knight near the Las Vegas strip. Tupac died 5 days later. His death once again sparked the debate on whether rap promotes violence or just reflects the ugly side of the streets (Adaso, N.D). 2Pacs New York counterpart Biggie Smalls is also killed Adaso, H says The Notorious B.I.G. is murdered in a drive-by shooting only six months after 2Pacs murder. His second album, released only a few days later, and ironically titled Life After Death becomes the best selling rap album of all time (Adaso, N.D). Eminem is signed to after math records and releases his debut album the Slim Shady lp which despite racial complications sells 4 million copies. The following year Eminem releases the Marshall Mathers lp which solidifies his spot as a future great in the rap community. The album sells 1.76 million in the first week out and Eminem receives two Grammies for his work. Just after 9/11 two of New York greats Nas and Jay-Z begin to battle after years of subliminal attacks Jay-Z hits Nas with the Takeover and Nas strikes back with the earth-shattering Ether Jay-Z bounces back with hard hitting Super Ugly (rapped over the instrumental of Nass Got Yourself A Gun) in which Jay talks about having sex with Nas baby momma. New Yorks Hot 97 asks for a vote to pick a winner. While votes are being tallied up Jay rushes to apologize for the vulgar lyrics in the freestyle but it doesnt change the fact the Nas won the battle however fans would forever debate the victor of the battle. Jam Master Jay (Dj of Run-DMC) is murdered in a Queens Bridge studio. No convictions have been made on his murder. More battles emerge such as: Nelly vs. KRS-One, Eminem vs. The Source magazine, Jermaine Dupri vs. Dr. Dre and more. More violence emerges Adaso, H says: In the middle of the 2004 Vibe Awards ceremony, a man named Jimmy James Johnson approaches rap legend Dr. Dre, who was preparing to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award, and punches him in the face. A full-on brawl ensues during which Johnson gets stabbed. After reviewing tape of the melee, authorities identify the stabber as G-Unit rapper Young Buck, a member of Dr. Dres label. Suge Knight, who also crashed the event, later denies allegations that he had promised Johnson $5000 to assault Dr. Dre. Nas and Jay end their long feud at a 2005 power 105 concert. Eminem becomes the new face of the argument of Hip-Hop racism Adaso H says: Eminem becomes the new focus of a debate on hip-hop and racism after some unidentified friends of the rapper submitted a tape of him using the N-word and making several derogatory remarks about the African-American community. Sample lyrics from the Eminem tape: Black girls are b****es/ Thats why Ima tell ya you better pull up your britches/Cause all that cash is making your a** drag. On another song, he rhymes: Black girls and white girls just dont mix/Because Black girls are dumb and white girls are good chicks. The Source uses the tape to renew their anti-Eminem campaign, even releasing a CD version of the racist tape. In response, Eminem apologizes publicly and claims the rap was done out of teen angst following a break-up with a black girlfriend. Eminem says: I did and said a lot of stupid s**t when I was a kid, but thats part of growing up, said Eminem in a statement. The tape of me rapping 15 years ago as a teenager that was recently put out by The Source in no way represents who I was then or who I am today. This is a collection of some of the most significant events in Hip-Hop from the beginning to 2004. With more time however I would have liked to touch up on establishing some of the more influential aspects of Hip-Hop and those who made them popular. What I hoped to achieve with this report is that Hip-Hop wasnt originally about who has the most record sales or who has the best cars of jewelry it was as KRS-ONE often says: peace love unity and having fun. Anyway Id like to thank you for taking the time to read this.

Who Is Katherina Minola

Saunders 1 Kim Saunders 18 April 2013 Katharine the crust! A title for a maid of all titles the worst. Grimier Who is Katherine Manila? As I sat listening to the first read thru of Taming of the Shrew I started hearing answers to this question, through the descriptive words of the other characters. The words were not complimentary. This led to my next question†¦ Why is she perceived this way and is it true? This complicated lady I was about to play shows her true nature in her own words (if you listen closely) The story is that of the wealthy Manila family.Senor Baptists has 2 daughters Katherine the eldest who is known for her bad temper and sharp tongue and the youngest Bianca known for her beauty and sweet nature. Bianca has several suitors but Baptists will not let her marry till the eldest is married first. Enter Epithetic a friend of one of the suitors who is looking for a wealthy woman to marry. This is the main plot with a subplot where the various suitors for Banana's h and vie for her affection. Saunders 2 The first thing I noticed was the lack of a mother.It is left to the actors and director to decide how long the mother has been dead. This would leave Katherine with the responsibility of the household as well as the rearing of the younger sister. Also in many households when a younger child is born the elder child feels abandoned and acts out. If the younger child has a more moderate temperament that might cause a parent to become more distant from the one acting out and it becomes a vicious cycle. We see how others (mostly men) see Katherine through their conversation. Grimier calls her â€Å"a fiend of hell† and says â€Å"she's too rough for me†.He also does not believe anyone could love her as he says in these next 2 statements. L say, a devil, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell? † and â€Å"l had as life take her dowry with this condition, to be whipped at the high cross every morning†. Horniness con firms this when he tells her: â€Å"no mates for you, unless you were of gentler, milder mucous†. He also calls her a devil and though he believes someone will marry her it is only for her money as in this statement† â€Å"though it pass your patience and mine to endure her them, would take her with all faults, and money enough†.To add insult to injury Gathering's own father calls her: â€Å"thou welding of a devilish spirit† and at our first eating of this family we find Baptists trying to foist Katherine onto one of Banana's suitors in this quote: Saunders 3 â€Å"Gentlemen, importune me no farther, For how I firmly am resolved you know; That is, not bestow my youngest daughter Before I have a husband for the elder: If either of you both love Katharine, Because I know you well and love you well, Leave shall you have to court her at your pleasure. Katherine expresses Jealousy about her father's treatment of her sister† Katherine What, will you not suffer me? Nay, now I see she is your treasure Also the fact that â€Å"he rosier about Banana's studies when he desires to hire schoolmasters for her but neglects to mention Katherine. Later in the story Epithetic compliments her, something she is not used to and proposes to her. Epithetic Thy virtues spoke of, and thy beauty sounded, Yet not so deeply as to thee belongs, Myself am moved to woo thee for my wife.And Saunders 4 I am a husband for your turn; For, by this light, whereby I see thy beauty, Thy beauty, that doth make me like thee well, Thou must be married to no man but me He is also able to keep up with her quick mind and a flirtation develops between hose two. Gathering's intelligence and quick wit are evident throughout in the clever verbal exchanges and repartee between them. This is most evident in Act 2 scene 1 . EPITHETIC KATHARINE Moved! N good time: let him that moved you hither Remove you hence: I knew you at the first You were a movable. Why, what's a movable? Thou hast hit it: come, sit on me. Katherine is looking for love as well as a way out of her current situation. If this were not true why in act 3 SC 1 would she be waiting for him on the day they are to be married in wedding attire and so distraught? Saunders 5 Katherine Manila is a perceptive, clever and shrewd woman. She is emotional and responsive to others around her.Due to circumstances within the family structure she has armed herself with a wall of antagonism and resentment and uses her violent behavior to keep everyone removed from her. She has withstood deprivation from her family and her desire for affection, appreciation and respect will continue until someone can see past this barricade she has constructed. Works Cited Morris, Brian. The Taming of the Shrew: The Arden Shakespeare, Britain, Methuen & Co. Ltd. 1997 print Bloom, Harold.

Understanding the Holocaust through Art Spiegelmans Maus...

The experience of being in the Holocaust is hard to imagine. The physical pain and fear that a survivor of the Holocaust felt could never fully be understood by anyone other than a fellow survivor. The children of survivors may not feel the physical pain and agony as their parents did, but they do feel the psychological effects. For this reason Artie and his father could never connect. The Holocaust built a wall between them that was hard to climb. Artie makes an attempt to overcome the wall between him and his father by writing the comic Maus about his father’s life in hopes to grow closer to him and understand him better, yet he struggles in looking past his father’s picky habits and hypocritical attitude. Artie’s father, Valdek,†¦show more content†¦Artie’s father’s annoying habits somewhat lead to bad habits in Artie. Artie is a chain smoker. It relieves his tension. He is almost always seen lighting a cigarette when talking with his father. A scene in the story that truly encouraged Artie’s smoking habit was the event when Artie’s wife picked up a black hitchhiker. This very much disturbed Valdek. He viewed all blacks as thieves. Artie’s wife, Francois, barked back exactly what Artie was thinking, that’s outrageous! How can you, of all people, be such a racist! You talk about blacks the way the Nazis talked about the Jews! Artie simply glared as if his wife took the words right out of his mouth, and reached for a cigarette to calm his nerves. Valdek’s obsessive acts of saving and having everything in its place were almost all that Artie could take, not to mention his hypercritical attitude. Years and years of this built up in Artie. This may have been large reason for him being sent to the state mental hospital. Not long after his return from the hospital, his mother committed suicide. He was expected to take care of his father, who not only lost his wife, but the person that he shared the experience of the Holocaust with and that was something he could not deal with because he did not understandShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Maus By Art Spiegelman1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe devastating era of the Holocaust will always be remembered from the scars it left behind. The series Maus, written by Art Spiegelman, puts the Holocaust in a different perspective for readers. Vladek Spiegelman, a survivor of the Holocaust told the journey of his survival to his son, Art Spiegelman. Initially, I assumed this graphic novel would be about the racism, torture, and injustice the Jewish faced during the Holocaust by the Germans, but the book was more than that. Reading these booksRead More Personal, Social, an d Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS1635 Words   |  7 PagesContexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelmans graphic novel MAUS. 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The book told Spiegelmans desire to write about his fathers experiences during the Holocaust, as well as the experiences themselves. There had been numbers of Holocaust books over the decades, but Maus is different among all. After reading

The Novel Anthem By Ayn Rand - 1280 Words

I.) Introduction A. Hook: â€Å"It is a sin to write this. It is a sin to think words no others think and to put them down upon a paper no others are to see. It is base and evil. It is as if we were speaking alone to no ears but our own. And we know well that there is no transgression blacker than to do or think alone.† B. Background: According Equality 7-2521, he is doing something that’s bad, he’s breaking a law, an important law that is. We know he’s in a world where everything is controlled and restricted and one is not free to be alone nor to do what they want. C. Basic summary: The novel Anthem by Ayn Rand is a dystopian science fiction novel that is set in the future where there are no rights or freedom there is no such thing as â€Å"I†. Everyone is equal to each other; they work and live in collective groups everyone is thought as one. The narrator, Equality 7-2521 has always stood out from everyone else, he was much smarter, later on, he vows to use his new knowledge to build a society based on individual freedom. D. Thesis statement: In the novel Anthem, the author, Ayn Rand implements symbolism to show the negative effects on communism and oppression. II.) Background A. Authors work: Ayn Rand has written many novels, including The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged, Night of January 16th, The Virtue of Selfishness, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, and her first novel We the Living, Which was written in 1934 and was published in 1936. B. Usual themes: Ayn Rand SheShow MoreRelatedAyn Rand Anthem1250 Words   |  5 PagesAyn Rand’s Anthem discusses many controversial ideas throughout the book. Often times the ideas shown are extreme examples and often polar opposites. Most often the ideas used by Rand can be perceived as one is completely bad and the other good. One of the best examples of this is the extremes of caring only for the whole and the opposite of caring only for the self. Rand has extreme ideas of both of these and expresses them often in Anthem. These two ideas are the backbone for the whole story andRead MoreEssay Themes in Ayn Rands Anthem1599 Words   |  7 PagesAnthem Themes â€Å"My happiness is not the means to any end. It is the end. It is its own goal. It is its own purpose† (Rand, 95). Anthem is written by American author Ayn Rand about Equality 7-2521 on his quest for happiness. The novel is set in an unspecified time and place in the future. Years after human civilization has gone through a deconstruction in which all knowledge was lost and a new society established with no concept of the individual. â€Å"The novel describes the efforts of the mainRead MoreAyn Rands Philosophy1029 Words   |  4 Pagesis better known as the famous Ayn Rand. Rand taught herself to read at age six and decided she wanted to make a career out of writing when she was only nine years old. Because of the Russian Revolution, Rand was thrown into poverty when she was young. Her family suffered times of near starvation because of the Communist’s victory. (Biography of Ayn Rand) However, these tough times ultimately led to some of her greatest accomplis hments that are now known worldwide. Ayn Rands harsh first hand experiencesRead MoreThe Debate Over Individuals And Groups1456 Words   |  6 PagesZewei Ao #4641533 Group name: The creator of canon 03/06/2016 The debate over individuals and groups Introduction The individual and the group, can their ability to either coexist or be at odds with each other? As in many famous or popular novels and films of out time, the individuals and the groups are considered as the forefront of each story. No matter what types they are, the individuals and the groups is more or less represented in those literary works. In most cases, those books and films willRead MoreFeminism in Anthem Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism in Anthem Throughout history, women have been brushed aside as the inferiors of men. From the time of the Greeks to the modern day world, men have been the dominant beings. Mary Astell, an English feminist writer, says, â€Å"If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?† She questions the societal norm of women in predetermined constrictive roles. This theme of a submissive and obedient female pervades many literary works, specifically those by Ayn Rand. Rand’s portrayalRead More A Comparison of The Grapes of Wrath and Anthem Essay example914 Words   |  4 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath and Anthem      Ã‚  Ã‚   Two great intellectuals of the early twentieth century wrote works of fiction that have become classics; they espoused polar-opposite views, however, of how society best functions. Their battle between communalism, as pictured in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath, and individualism, as portrayed in Ayn Rands Anthem, was played out in their novels, and still continues to this day. Based on Ayn Rands book Anthem, Rand would definitely believeRead MoreTheme Of Individualism In Anthem By Ayn Rand1036 Words   |  5 PagesAyn Rand, the author of Anthem, states, â€Å"The mind is an attribute of an individual. There is no such thing as a collective brain.† This statement means Ayn believes highly in individualism. Individualism is a belief in the freedom of action of individuals. Ayn Rand’s theme of individualism is not a sin is developed and supported in many of her works such as Anthem through the characters, Equality 7-2521 and Liberty 5-3000, and their actions. To begin, Equality 7-2521’s actions develop the themeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem 1984 By Ayn Rand1454 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is white and that which is black are lost equally in the grey of it† (Rand 37). This philosophical quote comes from Anthem by Ayn Rand. She uses perfectly sculpted language to drive the actions in this story. Similar to George Orwell’s novel 1984, Rand uses her language and literary devices to depict a dystopian society. Her techniques create a philosophical novel intended to question ourselves and our society today. Rand uses the literary device, allegory to create the society described, whichRead MoreTheme Of Individualism In Anthem By Ayn Rand1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdystopian society in the future, the novella Anthem written by Ayn Rand is all about being a collective society which doesn’t believe in individualism. Ayn Rand constructs a society in which individualism is a transgression. The government enforces the idea of collectivism to the society. They believe that in the human race each person is not single. The protagonist, Equality 7-2521 wants to be an independent person. He wants to be free. As stated in the novel, â€Å"To be free, a man must be free of his brothersRead MoreSuppression of Individuality in Huxleys Brave New World and Rands Anthem1686 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain social stability. Fahrenheit 451 alludes to the works of Aldous Huxley and Ayn Rand in their novels Brave New World and Anthem, showing society’s suppression of individuality with artificial happiness in an effort to maintain social stability. Brave New World and Anthem commonly represent societies that suppress individuality with artificial happiness in an effort to maintain social stability. Both novels implant happiness in individuals from birth. Inhabitants in Brave New World are formulated